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Different types of COVID-19 vaccines: How they work

COVID-19 vaccines

The 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States include Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech and Novavax. The vaccines are all approved for people age 65 and older. Each vaccine is also approved for younger people with a health condition that raises the risk of serious COVID-19 illness.

Moderna COVID-19 vaccine 2025-2026 formulas.

  • Spikevax. This vaccine is approved for people age 6 months to 64 years with a risk of serious COVID-19 illness and all people age 65 and older.
  • Mnexspike. This vaccine is approved for people age 12 to 64 years with a risk of serious COVID-19 illness and all people age 65 and older.

Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine 2025-2026 formula.

  • Comirnaty. This vaccine is approved for people age 5 to 64 years with a risk of serious COVID-19 illness and all people age 65 and older.

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine 2025-2026 formula.

  • Nuvaxovid. This vaccine is approved for people age 12 to 64 years with a risk of serious COVID-19 illness and all people age 65 and older.

The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines for 2025-2026 focus on building protection against the LP.8.1 virus strain. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine helps build protection against the JN.1 strain.

Who should get a COVID-19 vaccine?

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine protects against serious illness, the need for hospital care due to COVID-19 and death from COVID-19. Staying up to date with the latest vaccine is most important for people at higher risk. That includes adults over age 65, those with weakened immune systems, people who are pregnant, and people with chronic conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease or obesity.