Opioids

Opioids are medicines used to relieve pain. They may come from the poppy plant or can be man-made. Opioids travel through the blood and attach to receptors in the brain. This blocks pain messages and can boost feelings of pleasure. However, using opioids often can lead to dependence and addiction.

During pregnancy, opioids cross the placenta. Exposure in the womb can lead to fetal dependence and can cause withdrawal symptoms in the baby after birth, also known as neonatal abstinence syndrome. Symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome in the baby may include:

• Diarrhea.
• Fever and blotchy skin.
• Frequent yawning.
• High-pitched crying.
• Jitters.
• Rapid breathing.
• Seizures.
• Tremors.

While opioids rarely cause birth defects, they may increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, poor fetal growth and preterm delivery.

Discuss the benefits and risks of continuing an opioid during pregnancy with your healthcare professional.