Managing the risks of opioid use

Opioids are often critical for post-surgical pain management because of their powerful effect. But their side effects can be significant, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, impaired thinking skills and poor respiratory function.

Overdosing and misuse of opioids also are risks, particularly when opioids are used to treat ongoing (chronic) pain. Although the use of opioids after surgery is intended as a short-term strategy to relieve pain while the body heals, the risk of misuse is still a concern.

Because of the risks associated with opioids and their potential side effects, these drugs should be used carefully, if at all. Opioids should be used at the smallest dose effective for the shortest possible time.

You and your doctor should discuss steps you can take to reduce the risks associated with opioid use, including:

• Taking medication only as directed, minimizing dose and length of opioid use
• Talking to your doctor when your pain is not under control
• Not using alcohol while taking opioids
• Following your doctor's instructions about other drugs not to take while using opioids
• Storing drugs safely
• Disposing of unused drugs, ideally through a pharmacy take-back program
• Not sharing your medication with other people