Overview

Thrombocytopenia (throm-boe-sie-toe-PEE-nee-uh) is a condition in which there aren't enough platelets in your blood. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries. Depending on the cause, having low platelets may or may not result in increased bleeding risk.

The most common reason for thrombocytopenia in children is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets. Children who develop ITP often have a history of a recent viral infection. Most children recover from ITP without any treatment within six months. Until then, they may need to avoid contact sports or other activities that could result in head injuries.

Less-common causes of thrombocytopenia in children include bone marrow disorders such as leukemia or other autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or hereditary bone marrow disorders.