Researchers and genes

Researchers suspect they still haven't found many of the genes that affect the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Learning about those genes may be vital to finding new ways to treat, or even prevent, Alzheimer's disease in the future.

Researchers also are studying gene variations that may protect against Alzheimer's disease. One example is the APOE variant called APOE Christchurch. It seems to protect against the disease, like APOE e2 does. A rare variant of the fibronectin gene, called FN1, also appears to be protective in people with two APOE e4 variants. More research is needed.

Past research on Alzheimer's genes has focused mostly on people of European ancestry. Scientists are broadening their research to include people whose ancestors come from other parts of the world. Recent genetic studies have included African Americans, people from the Caribbean and South America, and people from East Asia. This type of research will help scientists understand if and how geographic ancestry affects a person's risk of Alzheimer's.

One of the active research trials is the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, also called DIAN. This research trial studies individuals with deterministic Alzheimer's gene changes, such as the PSEN1, PSEN2 or APP variants. The research network includes observational studies and clinical trials.

The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Study, sponsored by the National Institute on Aging, is looking at gene information from families that have at least two living family members who were diagnosed with Alzheimer's after age 65. If you or your family is interested in learning more about this study, visit the website for the National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Other studies are looking at the genes of people with Alzheimer's disease and their family members. To learn more about these studies and whether they need volunteers, visit the Alzheimers.gov website. Or ask your healthcare professional what research trials might be available.